Historical urban growth in Europe (1300–1800)

Urban scaling in Europe

Over the last few decades, in disciplines as diverse as economics, geography and complex systems, a perspective has arisen proposing that many properties of cities are quantitatively predictable due to agglomeration or scaling effects. Using new harmonized definitions for functional urban areas, we examine to what extent these ideas apply to European cities. We show that while most large urban ...

Urban-rural relations in Europe

Explaining Social-Economic Strategies of Urban Regeneration in Historical Contexts (Case Study: Semnan's Historical Context)

The historic core is part of the city's integrity that has not grown and worn out in the process of urban development in line with the needs of the day. In order to solve the problems caused by the phenomenon of urban burnout, several approaches have been proposed, none of which have been able to permanently eliminate or control this phenomenon. Meanwhile, the urban regeneration approach has be...

SUSTAINABLE URBAN REGENERATION, AN ONGOING DISCOURSE (WESTERN) EUROPE, GERMANY

Historical Perspectives of Urban Drainage

Historically, urban drainage systems have been viewed with various perspectives. During different time periods and in different locations, urban drainage has been considered a vital natural resource, a convenient cleansing mechanism, an efficient waste transport medium, a flooding concern, a nuisance wastewater, and a transmitter of disease. In general, climate, topography, geology, scientific ...